The Implementation of Cambodia’s Laws on Land Tenure: Squatters on Private Land

May 13, 2008 | Leave a Comment

Author: HAP Phalthy

Publication date: June 2007

Language: English

Type of documents: Master’s thesis paper

Abstract

There is an urgent need for Cambodia to ensure that land management be persistently and fairly implemented towards all the social strata of the population. How the land management and implementation of laws and regulations influence the public daily life is the main focus of this paper. Social disarray cannot be well prevented unless the country is based on the rule of law. Similarly, land crisis can be predicted if the government does not have a strong political will to manage the nation’s land. The possibility to get the benefit from the land requires that we find ways to ensure the fair land distribution to every citizen and encourage land use. Each relevant government agency plays a vital role in achieving the goal. Methodologically, this paper has resulted from interviewing more than 100 squatters and some NGOs’ staff whose work relates to the improvement of the living standards of the squatters during the 2006 summer. This research relies on legal documents from government agencies and other related documents from NGOs. The actual understanding from this fieldwork makes it possible to realize what the facts are and how to analyze those facts and use them to achieve a better outcome. Overall, the findings propose two main legal suggestions. First, the stability of land titles which prevents the owners from any fear of losing ownership and also encourages the titleholders to invest in land should be seriously taken into account. Second, adverse possession may allow the adverse possessors to claim for titles of ownership if there are imprecise aspects in the status of particular properties. The law of adverse possession plays an important role in some developed countries such as England and the United States; and developing countries such as Brazil and Peru.

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Global Capitalism versus Climate Change: The business of growing business must be environmentally responsible

May 1, 2008 | Leave a Comment

Author: HENG Dyna

Publication date: Unknown

Language: English

Type of documents: Essay

Abstract

The business of growing business must be environmentally responsible business. To overcome the climate change issue, I argue that the driving force of CSR is not be enough to save our planet unless companies act in their business interests rather than moral responsibility or risk management. Individuals, who are both consumers and investors, have the power to put pressure on firms and shape the direction of business operations. In other words, individuals have the power to changes the behavior of states and private sector through their responsibility and values. Consumers’ responsibility and values is a strong driving force to save our planet as a result of virtuous cycle of global consumers` environmental consciousness, corporate acting in their self-interests, and inter-governmental cooperation. Consumer is the king and thus consumer’s responsibility, values, tastes, and needs are much more powerful than CSR to push global capitalism to produce innovation, green IT, and low-carbon society.

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Governance, Foreign Direct Investment, and Economic Growth

April 15, 2008 | Leave a Comment

Author: NGOV Penghuy

Publication date: March 2008

Language: English

Type of documents: Doctoral paper

Abstract

This study focuses mainly on the impacts of governance in attracting direct foreign investment (FDI) and promoting domestic investment and growth performance in three different income groups of countries: low income, middle income, and high income groups. By using intra group regression method, we find that, in general, governance is positively correlated with per capita income growth rate in the middle income and high income groups. However, no correlation can be found in the low income group. In low income countries, governance is found to have positive relationship with total investment (domestic investment plus FDI) ratio but not with FDI inflow ratio, suggesting the impacts of governance on domestic investment. However, in the middle income countries, despite differences among governance elements, governance is generally found to have more influence on FDI inflow than on domestic investment. Interestingly, in high income countries, governance shows very limited impacts on both domestic investment and FDI, suggesting the independence of investment decisions from governance factors.

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Commercialization of Microfinance: A Case Study of ACLEDA Bank of Cambodia

March 31, 2008 | Leave a Comment

Author: HENG Sohpea

Publication date: March 2008

Language: English

Type of documents: Master’s thesis

Abstract

Objective This study aims to investigate and analyze the implications of transformation of ACLEDA from a microfinance NGO into a commercial bank, and seek to understand whether ACLEDA has expanded or narrowed the position of its NGO’s mission to achieve social development. The study also identifies the strategy of transformation process affecting the NGO’s objective in promoting the social mission. The analysis focuses on the changes in the outreach of its services, its targeted clients, household welfare of the poor clients, and on whether the transformed ACLEDA is closer to or farther from its original poor clients. Especially, the study examines advantages and disadvantages of ACLEDA’s transformation affecting its poor clients, which focus on features and indicators of demand and supply sides rather than on averages of loan outstanding balance. Moreover, the study investigates and determines whether ACLEDA is upgrading or retaining its original target market following the transformation. In the process of transformation from a microfinance NGO into a commercial bank, there are some critical issues concerning the transforming procedures expressing concern over changes of target market from poor clients to less poor or rich clients or from micro business loans to small and medium business loans. This comes to people’s concerns because some poor are unable to access microfinance services as a result of transformation by some NGOs, and other poor clients are dropped out from transformed institutions due to high condition of collateral requirement. This study also aims to reflect whether ACLEDA drifts from its original mission after the transformation process. With this regard, the study is to find out how transformation impacts the position of microfinance NGO’s mission towards poverty reduction, and to understand the useful experience of a transforming microfinance NGO into a commercial bank by maintaining the adherence to achieve the mission of poverty alleviation.

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Inflationary Wage Increase under Currency Substitution

February 6, 2008 | Leave a Comment

Author: HENG Dyna

Publication date: Unknown

Type of document: Undergraduate thesis paper

Abstract

This paper studies the effects of an inflationary wage increase for government staffs on the welfare of their own and private employees, and social welfare, with cash-in-advance constraints under currency substitution in an overlapping generation model. We show that there exists a Laffer curve relationship of seigniorage to finance such an inflationary wage increase in the long run. The inflationary wage increase has a negative effect on the welfare level of private employees, but has an ambiguous effect on that of government staffs and social welfare.

Author’s message: “I thought it would be good if other Cambodian students read [this] and give me some comments. It would be also helpful for other undergraduate who want to research on monetary policy and central banking, I guess.”

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